In "Why America Is Not a New Rome," Vaclav Smil embarks on a rigorous exploration beyond the shallow comparisons that have dominated discourse in both scholarly and popular media. Smil, with his dual expertise as a scientist and a passionate Roman history aficionado, delves into the intricate mosaic of what constituted the Roman Empire at its zenith and during its decline, juxtaposing these with the contemporary might and challenges of the United States. Through a lens that scrutinizes empire-building, power dynamics, innovation, and the underpinnings of societal health and economy, Smil methodically dismantles the analogy, revealing a complex reality that defies simplistic parallels. This book serves not only as a corrective to the misleading narrative of America as the modern incarnation of Rome but also as a visionary guide for understanding the unique trajectory of American power and influence on the global stage. Smil’s analysis is a clarion call to eschew misleading historical analogies in favor of a more nuanced and forward-looking perspective. Through a deep dive into demographic trends, technological progress, and the economic and political structures that define American society, Smil provides a comprehensive framework for contemplating the future without the overbearing shadow of Rome’s legacy. "Why America Is Not a New Rome" is an indispensable read for anyone seeking to grasp the complexities of American exceptionalism and its place in the broader context of world history.