In "From Shame to Sin," Kyle Harper masterfully navigates the profound transformation of sexual ideologies that paralleled the Roman Empire's shift from polytheism to Christianity. This pivotal work unveils how, within four centuries, societal norms around sexuality underwent a seismic shift—from the erotic libertinism sanctioned by pagan mores to the stringent sexual ethics imposed by Christian doctrine. Harper delves deep into an array of classical sources, from literature and philosophy to art, revealing how central the concept of sex was in this ideological evolution. As the Roman world embraced Christianity, the moral landscape surrounding sexuality was irrevocably changed, moving from a system of social shame to one deeply concerned with sin and divine judgment. Harper's exploration is both enlightening and compelling, illustrating how Christianity's rise to dominance brought about a recalibration of sexual morality. The transformation from shame to sin was not merely a change in terminology but represented a fundamental shift in the understanding of human behavior and divine oversight. Through this lens, Harper sheds light on the origins of modern sexual norms, tracing them back to an ancient religious revolution that redefined the boundaries of sexual ethics. "From Shame to Sin" is a groundbreaking study that offers a nuanced perspective on the complex interplay between religion, society, and sexuality in the formative centuries of Christian influence, making it an essential read for anyone interested in the roots of modern sexual identity.